Under State Law, the Board of Health--which in Prince George's County is the County Council must meet at least semi-annually during May and October. In practice, it meets in that capacity far more often to consider various aspects of local Health Department policies and programs and a rather broad spectrum of related health issues. State law permits the local Board of Health to adopt and enforce all rules and regulations concerning nuisances and causes of sickness within its jurisdiction, as long as these are not contrary to and are at least as stringent as existing laws, rules and regulations promulgated on the State level. The local Board may also establish all fees and charges in connection with local regulation.

The Rules of Procedure used by the Council sitting as the Board of Health are the same as those for the Council sitting as the County Council. Legislation concerning health policy and programs is also subject to the same legislative process as other pieces of legislation.

The appointment, qualifications, and duties of the County Health Officer are prescribed in Sections 3-301 through 3-309 of the Health-General Article, Annotated Code of Maryland and 12-101.3. and 12-101.2 of the County Code. When there is a vacancy or prospective vacancy in that office, a committee is established to screen candidates. Thereafter, the County Executive recommends one individual, subject to approval by majority vote of the Board of Health. Final approval is made by the State Secretary of Health and Mental Hygiene. The County Health Officer may be removed from office with the concurrence of the County Executive, the Board of Health, and the State Secretary of Health and Mental Hygiene.